The Traditional Interpretation Refuted :: Philosophy Literature Papers

The Traditional Interpretation Refuted The psychology of Aristotle has never been understood in a historically correct way. A new interpretation of the De anima will be proposed in which this work can be seen as compatible with the psychology that can be reconstructed from the fragments of Aristotle's lost dialogues and the De motu animalium and other biological works (in which the notions of pneuma and 'vital heat' play a crucial role) and the doxographical data gathered from ancient writers besides the commentators. In De anima, II, 412b5, where psychà ¨ is defined as 'the first entelecheia of a natural body that is organikon,' the words 'natural body' should not be taken to mean 'the body of a living plant, animal or human being' but to stand for 'elementary body.' And the qualification 'organikon' should not be understood as 'equipped with organs' (as it always has) but in the sense of 'serving as an instrument to the soul.' This 'instrumental body' that is inseparably connected with the soul is the seat of desire (o rexis), which physically influences the parts of the visible body. Besides those two corrections there are the words ta merà ¨ in 412b18 that should be taken as meaning not 'parts of the body' but 'parts of the soul.' Aristotle is arguing there that even those parts of the soul that are not yet actualized in the embryo of a new living being can be said to be 'not without body.' Do we really know Aristotle's psychology? This question may sound strange at first, since we have a famous book by Aristotle which is called On the soul and we possess quite a bit of information about a lost dialogue, the Eudemus, which was also subtitled On the soul. Yet I propose to argue that Aristotle's psychology has remained unknown up till now. And this is because since the third century AD the text of his extant work De anima has been interpreted in a way that runs completely counter to Aristotle's intentions. What has been held to be Aristotle's psychology is the result of the interpretation of his work put forward by Alexander of Aphrodisias in the third century AD.(1) The situation is comparable with the imaginary situation that Plato's oeuvre had been lost except for his Parmenides and that we only possessed the information of Plotinus for a reconstruction of Plato's thought. To make a convincing case for this revolutionary theory, I will argue three propositions.

Behaviour Change Model-Reflection

I chose this tact as I believed my diet was eating my requirements for both macro and microinstructions and was closely aligned with recommended servings in The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. (1) upon reflection of the first days food record, I saw that my diet was inadequate. I was not meeting the serving suggestions for most of the food groups and I was lacking in calcium and iron. So, the next day I concentrated on hitting the targets for calcium and Iron. It was a full day of classes at University, so I had to make sure I ate a lunch that was rich In Iron and had servings from the required food groups. ) usually when I have a full day at university, Ill have a large breakfast at home and if I do eat between classes, it will be a piece of fruit. I chose a lamb and lentil curry, which is high in iron and also contains calcium. After eating I felt very full and did not enjoy the meal. By dinner time I was still full and not looking forward to dinner, but knew that there were st ill nutrients I needed to consume and food groups I had to have serves from. Before bed that day I felt very uncomfortable as If I had eaten far too much food.But everything I ate was In line with The Australian Gulled to Healthy(l) eating as well as the Nutrient Reference Values set out in Australian guidelines for pregnant women. (2) On Friday I woke early in the morning for work and had a family wedding in the evening. I was unable to eat anything for most of that day as it was so busy. For the first time since starting the diet, I thought about alcohol as it was being served all around me and I was constantly asked by staff and family if I wanted a drink.Having to politely say no to people all night and explaining to family members hat I wasn't actually pregnant, was difficult and frustrating. Influencing factors The reason I decided to not pro-actively ensure that my diet met the requirements for a pregnant female, was because I truly believed by eliminating foods that were a p otential source of listener, mercury, vitamin A, alcohol and caffeine, my diet would closely meet the necessary guidelines. My theory was incorrect and I realize that to meet these requirements I would need to do a lot of planning and pre preparation of meals and find times to eat them.The external factors that influenced my decision making were environmental and physical. I ate what was available at the time and was limited by this. Alternative strategy and when. By not taking a proactive approach to your daily menu, it is left up to what is available in fast food options, which are often large greasy meals that you cannot be sure of preparation and ingredients. Learning To meet the necessary requirements, a pregnant woman needs to eat a large amount of food and plan and pre prepare meals.

Positivism Essay - 978 Words

Positivism Positivism is a scientific approach to sociology (the science of society As Keat and Urry (social theory as science, 1975) note: Positivism is concerned only with observable phenomena. It involves establishing law-like relations between them through the careful accumulation of factual knowledge. This occurs by means of observation, experimentation, comparison and prediction. The terms sociology and positive philosophy (positivism) were both coined by Auguste Comte (the founder of Sociology), an educated philosopher, born on January 19th 1798 in Montpellier, France. He grew up and studied after a great period of change. There had been the French revolution, the Industrial†¦show more content†¦The three stages societies progress through are outlined below. Comte thought that society (and indeed the sciences) went through three distinct stages; Theological, Metaphysical and Positive. He thought when society had reached the end of the positivistic stage it would be Utopia where the world was ruled by experts in each field. The common person wouldnt need to make their own decisions as everything would be thought out for them.  · THEOLOGICAL: Military. (Middle Ages) - Natural phenomena explained as being the will of God/supernatural forces - The family is basic social unit  · METAPHYSICAL:Judicial (1300-1700) - Mysterious abstract forces employed to explain natural p Phenomena (e.g. a force in the object itself) - The state is social unit.  · POSITIVISTIC:Industrial (1800+) - The last and highest stage - Scientific method/invariant laws describe and explain all phenomena After the basic law of the three stages is Comtes theory of the hierarchy of sciences. As humans progress through the above stages each dependant on the preceding, so do the sciences (hence all sciences contribute to sociology) Starting with the purest and simplest and ascending in complexity.  · Mathematics  · Astronomy  · PhysicsShow MoreRelatedLogical Positivists Of Logical Positivism Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesGiven the presentation by Professor David Baranov, the arguments surrounding logical positivism were yet to be settled. It was very clear that this theory was still a work in progress. For what it is worth, it was a good attempt with respect to the general presentation of the conceptual framework. Much effort was spent on highlighting keynote points, varying eras and the associated happenings, arguments from and by each major proponent of the concept and an in depth account on the subject matterRead MorePositivism vs Interpretivism Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pagesother with both being concerned surrounding reliability and study designs. 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